Extending social protection to informal economy workers
This paper exploits the information available in the OECD Key Indicators of Informality based on Individuals and their Household (KIIBIH) to shed light on several elements that could help inform national strategies for the extension of social...
OECD > Development Centre Working PapersTransitions to and from formal employment and income dynamics
Using panel data for Indonesia, Malawi, Peru and South Africa, this paper investigates the relationship between transitions to formal employment and workers’ labour income. It shows that transiting from informal to formal employment increases the...
OECD > Development Centre Working PapersInformal employment and the social contract
This paper empirically tests whether individual-level informality status is linked to a weak social contract, as measured through individual perceptions of its various aspects. Accounting for workers’ heterogeneity and a possible simultaneity between...
OECD > Development Centre Working PapersThe middle class in Emerging Asia
As Asian societies continue to undergo rapid economic transformation, income distribution and social stratification are set to change radically. A primary characteristic of this evolution is the emergence of wealthier Asian middle-income classes....
OECD > Development Centre Working PapersEducation-occupation mismatch in the context of informality and development
Using household data from 15 countries in Latin America and Africa, this paper explores linkages between informality and education-occupation matching. The paper applies a unified methodology to measuring education-occupation mismatches and...
OECD > Development Centre Working PapersFinancer l’extension de l’assurance sociale aux travailleurs de l’économie informelle à l’aide des transferts de fonds
L'emploi informel, défini par l'absence de protection sociale basée sur l'emploi, constitue la majeure partie de l'emploi dans les pays en développement, et entraîne un niveau de vulnérabilité à la pauvreté et à d'autres risques qui sont supportés...
OECD > Development Centre Working PapersForecasting developing Asian economies during normal times and large external shocks: Approaches and challenges
Predicting future economic trends appropriately is essential to economic policy making. Currently, the DSGE model approach is a benchmark economic forecasting technique widely employed. However, large external shocks, such as large-scale natural...
OECD > Development Centre Working PapersFinancing the extension of social insurance to informal economy workers
Informal employment, defined through the lack of employment-based social protection, constitutes the bulk of employment in developing countries, and entails a level of vulnerability to poverty and other risks that are borne by all who are dependent...
OECD > Development Centre Working PapersUsing Google data to understand governments’ approval in Latin America
This paper studies the potential drivers of governments’ approval rates in 18 Latin American countries using Internet search query data from Google Trends and traditional data sources. It employs monthly panel data between January 2006 and December...
OECD > Development Centre Working PapersThe Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) 2019
Since 2009, the OECD Development Centre has been publishing the Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI), a cross-country measure of gender-based discrimination in social institutions (formal and informal laws, social norms and practices). This...
OECD > Development Centre Working PapersEconomic globalisation, inequality and the role of social protection
This paper examines the link between economic globalisation, social protection expenditure, and within-country income inequality. We examine the relationship using income inequality data from both the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) and the...
OECD > Development Centre Working PapersNo sympathy for the devil! Policy priorities to overcome the middle-income trap in Latin America
The empirical literature on development has labelled as “middle-income trap” (MIT) the fact that many developing economies struggle to adjust to new sources of growth after reaching middle-income levels. For Latin America and the Caribbean, this is...
OECD > Development Centre Working PapersThe grant element method of measuring the concessionality of loans and debt relief
The grant element is the “gift portion” of a financial transaction. The mathematical technique for arriving at a precise grant element percentage was first proposed by John Pincus of the RAND Corporation in 1963, and developed mathematically by Göran...
OECD > Development Centre Working PapersRevisiting personal income tax in Latin America
This study documents the process through which standard tax reliefs and tax allowances reduce the taxable base of the Personal Income Tax (PIT) in Latin American countries by using the models developed in Taxing Wages in Latin America and the...
OECD > Development Centre Working PapersThe pursuit of happiness
The OECD has long argued that the ultimate goal of public policies is to improve the quality of our lives. But what makes us happy? Does living in a country guaranteeing equal rights and opportunities to women and men increase people’s happiness?...
OECD > Development Centre Working PapersFiscal policy and the cycle in Latin America
A stronger macroeconomic position when the financial crisis erupted allowed Latin American economies to mitigate its impact through fiscal expansions, reversing the characteristic procyclical behaviour of fiscal policy. At the same time, in the last...
OECD > Development Centre Working PapersThe economic effects of labour immigration in developing countries
This paper reviews existing theoretical and empirical evidence on the economic effects of immigration in developing countries. Specifically, it discusses how immigration may affect labour market, entrepreneurship, human capital, productivity,...
OECD > Development Centre Working PapersHarnessing the digital economy for developing countries
This report makes a call for why the digital economy matters for developing countries and what they need to consider when developing a national digital strategy. The world is undergoing a digital revolution with significant implications for global...
OECD > Development Centre Working PapersThe cost of air pollution in Africa
This paper is a first attempt at calculating the cost of air pollution in Africa. More precisely, it is a calculation of the major part of this cost: namely, the cost of premature deaths attributable to air pollution. It draws on the epidemiological...
OECD > Development Centre Working PapersCan investments in social protection contribute to subjective well-being?
Subjective well-being has in recent years been recognised as a goal of development that captures non-monetary or subjective dimensions of well-being. The body of evidence on the individual and societal determinants of subjective well-being is...
OECD > Development Centre Working Papers